Relevant Information
Biomechanics involved with the softball pitch:
Friesen, Kenzie B., Michael G. Saper, and Gretchen D. Oliver. “Biomechanics Related to Increased Softball Pitcher Shoulder Stress: Implications for Injury Prevention.” The American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 50, no. 1, 2022, pp. 216–223. PubMed
Overuse Injuries
Holtz, Kaila A., et al. “A Model for Causality of Pitching-related Overuse Injuries in Women’s Fastpitch Softball.” International Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 45, no. 11, 2024, pp. 804–809. PubMed
Absence of Pitch Counts
Feeley, Brian T., Sonali E. Feeley, and Caitlin C. Chambers. “Fastpitch Softball Injuries: Epidemiology, Biomechanics, and Injury Prevention.” Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, vol. 17, no. 4, 2024, pp. 110–116. PubMed
Top Injuries
“Bicep Tendonitis: Pain, Causes, Side Effects & Treatment.” Cleveland Clinic, 25 Mar. 2024.
“Shoulder Injuries in Softball.” Rothman Orthopaedics, n.d.
“SLAP Tear: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment.” Cleveland Clinic, 12 Jan. 2022.
Waldron, Jacob L., et al. “The Use of Postural Restoration for Treatment of Chronic Rotator Cuff Pathology: A Case Report.” International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 15, no. 5, 2020, pp. 832–839.
Sports Impact on Female Growth
Anjos, Mariana M., Carlos Braga, and António M. Cruz-Ferreira. “Impact of Sports on Female Growth and Pubertal Development: A Cohort Study.” Cureus, vol. 16, no. 12, 2024, e75805.
Growth Plate Injuries
“Growth Plate Injuries.” National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Dec. 2023, https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries.
Injury Occurrence in Association with the Menstrual Cycle
Lunan, Emma Jane. “Does Injury Incidence Really Change across the Menstrual Cycle? Highlighting a Recent Key Study.” BJSM Blog, 5 Apr. 2021, https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2021/04/05/does-injury-incidence-really-change-across-the-menstrual-cycle-highlighting-a-recent-key-study/.
“[Title of PMC Article].” National Library of Medicine, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12110960/.
“The Menstrual Cycle: More Than Just the Period.” Clue, https://helloclue.com/articles/cycle-a-z/the-menstrual-cycle-more-than-just-the-period.
Estrogen and Progesterone
“How Estrogen & Progesterone Affect Every Stage of a Woman’s Life?” SAAK Health, https://www.saakhealth.com/how-estrogen-progesterone-affect-every-stage-of-a-womans-life/.
Prevention
“SLAP Tear Prevention Tips for Baseball and Softball Players.” Johns Hopkins Medicine, https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/slap-tear-prevention-tips-for-baseball-and-softball-players.
“The Best Ways to Treat, Prevent Tendonitis.” University of Rochester Medical Center, https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=1&contentid=739.
Driver, Gary. “How You Can Prevent Tendonitis: Tips to Protect Your Joints and Tendons.” Dr. Gary Driver, 13 Nov. 2025, https://www.drgarydriver.com/blog/how-to-prevent-tendonitis-49310/.